A Study of A Model for Effective Online Instructional Design ,Li-Ling Chen(2016)

 Model for Effective Online Instructional Design ,Li-Ling Chen(2016)

Based on the study of Li-Ling Chen on the model of effective Online instructional Design(2016) found that there are some basic principles for designing and developing an effective online course. There are five basic step in the model . They are :

1. Identify: In this step identify the online course different from the traditional course and identify the learner's need and also identify the goal and objectives of online course and also identify that instuctional design need what kind of learning environment and what types of tools and technologies need.
2. Choose: In this step the online instructors choose content organization layout which is a way to organize their online course contents and materials, linear or nonlinear. Choosing content organization format is essential in this step as it influences students’ first impression of the online courses as well as their access to and navigation of the course contents
3. Create: In this step the instuctiors create the course path and instuctional method, materials , assignment and asseement method and alos online instructors have to decide whether they would like to display their course contents in a linear or hierarchical way.
4. Engage: In this step the instuctors engage the learner to the learning proces. In this study  the author’s conclusion, online instructors can engage students from three perspectives: academic, social, and emotion. some feedback in the student's project and assignment
5. Evaluate: In  this last step of Effective online instuctional Design the learning process is evaluate by using the formative and summative evaluation method by using different tools like interview, questionnaires and feedback from the students.

As the conclusion, This model provide better guideline to the online instructors and also help to design the online Instructional model for better conducting teaching and learning activities in online.

Reference : 

A Model for Effective Online Instructional Design,Li-Ling Chen(2016)

Explaination of The Dick and Carey Instructional Design Model

 

Dick and Carey's Instructional Design Model

The Dick and Carey Instructional Design Model is a widely used instructional design framework that provides a systematic approach for designing and delivering effective instruction. The model consists of nine interconnected steps that guide instructional designers through the process of developing effective instruction, from analyzing the learning needs of the audience to evaluating the effectiveness of the instruction.

                           Fig:Dick and Carey's Instructional Design Model

The nine step of Dick and Carey's Instructional Design Model  explain below :

Stage 1 : Identify instructional goals:  In this step it should consider  need of students, content of subject .A subject matter expert and creator(s) of the curriculum. In this stage, instructional designers work with stakeholders to identify the overall goals and objectives of the instruction.

Stage 2 : Conduct instructional analysis: In this stage, designers analyze the content and subject matter to identify what needs to be taught and how it can be taught. 

Stage 3 : Analyze learners and contexts: In this stage the needed  information about the learners and the context in which the instruction will be delivered to ensure that the instruction is relevant and engaging to the learners. 

Stage 4 : Write performance objectives: The objectives of the instructional design is very important for whole instuctions , so in this stage, designers develop clear and measurable objectives that describe the desired outcomes of the instruction. It is a description of what learner's will be able to do at the end of instruction.

Stage 5 : Develop assessment instruments: In this stage, designers create assessment instruments to measure the learners' progress and achievement of the learning objectives.The assessment can be done by verious tools.

stage 6 : Develop instructional strategy: In this stage the develop a detailed plan for delivering the instruction, including the  different instructional methods and activities that will be used.

Stage 7 : Develop and select instructional materials: In this stage, designers develop or select instructional materials, such as textbooks, handouts, or multimedia materials, ICT tools that will support the delivery of the instruction.

Stage 8 : Design and conduct formative evaluation of instruction: In this stage, designers conduct formative evaluation to test the effectiveness of the instruction and identify areas for improvement. Collection of data and information for checking the effectiveness of instruction. 

                During the process

                    Examples:

                    -Questioning content

                    -observations of learners

                      -Record analysis

                      -Interviews

                    -Self-assessments

Stage 9 : Revise instruction: In this final stage, designers use the results of the formative evaluation to revise and improve the instruction before it is implemented. Summative evaluation differ for the formative evaluation submattive helps to that person who solve problem and manage to improve their knowledge 

As the conclusion , the Dick and Carey's Instructional Design Model help to create effective instructional design for effective  learning environment and systematic delivering instruction to achieve the learning objectives. 

Reference :

Dick, W., Carey, L., & Carey, J. O. (2015). The systematic design of instruction. 

Explanation about ADDIE Model

  

                               Fig: ADDIE model

 ADDIE model is a instructional design approach which help to develop and implement the instuctional design of training and learning program. The full form of ADDIE is Analysis , Design, Development, Implement and Evaluation. In this model the learning program is develop and implement for conducting the better teaching and learning activities for best outcomes.
In the ADDIE model there are five phase . They are explain below :
1)     Analysis : This is the first step  of ADDIE model that help to problems identify and determine with         best soluation. All needed information are gather and analysis each and every infomation. The                 main objectives of learning activities also analysis.
2)     Design: In this step the instruction is design as the blueprint and other material for achieve learning         objectives. And all necessary prototypes and ethical issues are consideration and identify and                 design according that.
3)     Development : All necessary materials are develop and review the develop materials . The material         should  be digital media as well as local material. And also different communication medium are             develop.The Developed material are more economically , locally and more engaging .
4)     Implemention : This step for implementation of instuctiona design for achieving objective of the         parogram. The learning activities are rolled out to the learners. This involves delivering the program,     providing support to learners, and monitoring the progress.   
5)     Evaluation: In this phase effectiveness of learning program is evaluated and this includes assessing     the extent to which the learning objectives have been met, gathering feedback from the learners, and     making any necessary improvements to the program.
        Hence the ADDIE model is an instructional design framework consisting of five phases: Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. It is used to develop effective training and learning programs by identifying learning needs, designing a detailed plan, developing the actual training program, delivering the program to learners, and evaluating its effectiveness. The ADDIE model is flexible and can be adapted to suit a wide range of learning environments and objectives.                                                               Reference : 
https://elmlearning.com/hub/instructional-design/addie-model/
https://www.instructionaldesign.org/models/addie/

Daily Lesson Plan

               Daily Lesson Plan

Name of school: Shree Amarjyoti Model Secondary School                                    Date:2079/12/8 Grade: 8                                                                                                              No. of students: 53     Name of the teacher: Ishwar Bahadur Shahi                          Subject: Computer Science                                                                                    Time:45  Minutes Topic: Types of Operating system.                                                                           Period: 2Th

Specific objectives:

After the lesson students will be able to :

·  Describe the types of operating system.

·  Difference between single user operating system and multi user operating system.

Instructional strategies:

Introduction:

Warm-up Activity:( 5 Minutes)  At first I will settle down the students their right place and warm up show some CD of operating system of Windows7 and windowsXP. And Display the slide about Types of Operating system and their meaning. And Describe one by one.

Prior knowledge: ( 2 Minutes ) : I will ask some student what kind of operating system install on their computer.

After doing all the above activities I will divide whole class into  6 group. And ask students to give name of group and group leader.

Main part/ teaching steps: (15 Minutes)   

After dividing the whole class into 4 group . I will Provide some topic and chat paper to discussion and list out the discussion subject matter in group.

 The groups are divided as follows :

Group 1( Group Name .....): Describe the meaning of Single user operating system.

Group 2 (Group Name :.....) :  Describe the Multi-User operating system.

Group 3 (Group Name : ...): Difference between Single user and multi-user operating system.

Group 4 (Group Name : ...) :Discuss and write down any four examples of both types of operating system.

Provide some feedback if any confusing on the topic.

Group Presentation ( 3 minutes each group x 6 group = 18 Minutes )  

After giving time to discussion on topic given to each group I will ask group leader to present the discussion subject matter in class. And also display the chat paper to whole class.

I will appreciate each group and group leader for active participation on group and class.

Technology integration:

1)     Laptop

2)     Projector

3)     Chat paper

4)     PowerPoint Slide

Assessment and evaluation (4 Minutes)

·       I will ask some students  some question related to single user operating system and multi-user operating system.

·       I will observe the group discussion.

Feedback and revision:

          I will finish the lesson by asking about different queries and also give answer of the queries and provide some feedback about different learning achievement of the lesson

                                                              Thank You ........

Need Feedback in comment😐😐😐😌😌

Flipped Classroom

Flipped Classroom:

Flipped classroom is new method of teaching in which students are using ICT tools for learning activities. First students are learned about the subject matter or topic then they are enter to the classroom for learning. The flipped classroom have many benefit to the teacher and students such it encourage the coordination to other students and have self learning.

The concept behind the flipped classroom is to rethink when students have access to the resources they need most. If the problem is that students need help doing the work rather than being introduced to the new thinking behind the work, then the solution the flipped classroom takes is to reverse that pattern.

The flipped classroom have following benefits:

1)     The flipped classroom allow all students learn their own peace.

2)     It is more efficient to complete the homework and project work.

3)     It helps to students to usage of ICT tool for learning more knowledge.

4)     It create classroom more effective and enhance the outcomes.

Facebook for family participation in students' learning

The modern ICT tool like Internet, Computer, and social media helps to teaching and learning activities. The social media is one of the latest platform of virtual society in which different persons from different country share their information , view , culture and opinion, etc. In students’ learning social media can help for connecting students to teachers. Different social media like Facebook, TikTok, YouTube, Whatsapp,etc help in corona pandemic in teaching learning activities.

In Nepal, social media has become important tools for the people. The number of people using social media is growing every day. People’s use of social media is based on their preferences. During the COVID-19 pandemic, social media was the most useful tools for the students. Similarly, parents are mostly working in offices and they don’t get time to take care of their children or assist in their homework. Hence, students learn and complete their homework by watching YouTube and other social media sites.

Facebook is one of the very popular social networking and social media in 21^st century. With almost 2.7 billion users, it has become the most powerful social media site till date. This platform make teacher to teach different subject matter in interesting ways. Facebook has grown into a platform for students to explore their ideas, showcase their ability, and learn new things. There is also a Facebook Pages and Group Page feature, where  can upload and download soft copies, pdf, and other files of advanced lessons, forms to fill up, and other matters. The Facebook page and Facebook group help for communicating and ask some doubt to teacher at any time. Facebook make online learning community in recent years. It became the medium of communication between students and teachers, and even with their parents.

Teacher can create Facebook page and group for virtual connecting with students at any time. Providing study materials and other learning sites which help to students continuous study and also family participation on the students learning. Facebook has a positive effect on students’ achievement when used for educational purposes. By creating a group in Facebook, students will be able to exchange information with their peer. In this group, students share information exams, homework and assignments. 

References : 

Al-Hammody, A. (2014). When a Facebook Group Makes a Difference: Facebook for Language Learning. ELTWorldOnline.com April 2014. Retrieved January 15, 2015, from http://blog.nus.edu.sg/eltwo/?p=4224 Volume 6. Anderson, T. (2009). Social networking. In S. Mishra (Ed.), Stride handbook 8–e-learning (pp. 96–101). New Delhi, India: Indira Gandhi National Open University. Retrieved January 15, 2015, from https://webserver.ignou.ac.in/institute/STRIDE_Hb8_webCD/Chapter%2016.pdf

https://learnfromblogs.com/facebook-as-a-learning-tool

Meaning of Bank in context of Nepal

 

Meaning of Bank (Click here to Watch Video)

Digital Literacy

     Use of technology is increase day by day because of the development of technology. Technology is most essential tool for the modern society. Today’s generation appears to engage with all things that are technology without any effort at all. All the work are done with digitally. Digital technology related with the ICT. So Digital literacy is an emerging concept. The digital literacy refers to the literacy about the use of ICT and ICT tool in narrow sense. But digital literacy is more about it.  

Digital literacy should be understood to mean the basic skill or ability to use a computer confidently, safely and effectively. If there is no digital literacy there will be create the digital divide. In 21 century all citizens have the literate about the digital. It may include the use of computer, internet, and smart phone, and other multimedia.

Digital literacy can be defined as "the ability to use digital technology, communications tools, and/or networks to access, manage, integrate, evaluate, and create information in order to function in a knowledge society" (Lemke, 2003).

The following figure more explain about the digital literacy

    

Most of the research found that the digital literacy have Five areas of digital competence were identified and can be summarized as follows:

1)     Information : The digital information  can be identify digital information, analysis and store and retrieve,  judging its relevance and purpose.

2)     Communication : The digital information should be communicate and share as necessary through the online tools.

3)     Content-creation: There should be create the digital information by using the application software. The creation information should have very reliable and useful to the society.

4)     Safety : The digital data have more secure than other physical data . There may use different ways to protect the digital information.

5)     Problem solving : If there will problems occurs in the ICT tools . Problems solving capabilities is necessary.

Digital literacy is important to establishing your presence in the modern world. Lacking the ability to use digital technologies means that there are many things you simply cannot do or access. Possessing digital literacy allows you to improve the efficiency, access to things, fulfillment, and happiness in your life.

In today’s world it is a requirement to be digitally literate in order to be able to function in a capacity that enables one to be more successful whether it is at home, school, at our jobs or even looking for a job. Over the last few decades our environment has evolved into a digital environment. Being or becoming digitally literate is essential in being successful in this digital environment. Almost everything we do today requires some sort of digital knowledge or literacy. From surfing the internet to searching for a job to being able.

Research showed that the digital literacy rates in Nepal are a staggering 31 percent and Nepal is experiencing a recent increase in cybercrime because of the pandemic. 

Together, the students created a wide range of innovative materials to help, including mobile applications, user documentation, instructional videos, and website prototypes that were designed to tackle cyberbullying and harassment among young girls in Nepal. These prototypes focused on empowering the rural population by enhancing digital literacy in post-pandemic Nepal. 

Some of importance of digital literacy are as follows :

1)     Digital literacy makes people to digital citizen.

2)     It helps to more access about the information through internet.

3)     Digital literacy save time and money for communicating and sharing the information.

4)     Collaboration with the present world and experience it.

5)     Help to increase self learning habit.

6)     Digital literacy decrease the use of paper.  

Reference

Gillen, J. and Barton, D. (2010). Digital Literacies: A Research Briefing by the Technology Enhanced Learning phase of the Learning and Teaching Research Programme. London, London Knowledge Lab

Lankshear, C., & Knobel, M. (Eds.). (2008). Digital literacies: Concepts, origins, and practices. New York.

Hobbs, Renne. (viewed October 1, 2011). Media Literacy as Literacy for the Information Age. Philadelphia, Pa: Temple University. (September 2008)

https://lib.vt.edu/magazine/spring-2021/creativity-innovation/nepal.html

Use of ICT in class room 

 

Modern Class Room 

E-learning classroom